The Need for Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorder

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Greg Murray gave a talk on effectiveness of multiple types of psychotherapy for bipolar disorder and suggests that the choice be designed for each individual.

He describes 10 core elements of each type of therapy. These included dealing with:

  • 1. Knowledge, acceptance, and adherence
  • 2. The presence of anxiety in some 90% of patients
  • 3. Suicidality and crisis management
  • 4. Skills: monitoring, relapse prevention, life time events, recognition of early symptoms
  • 5. Identity, cognitive restructuring, dealing with stigma, train action and achievement, confronting perfectionism, CBT
  • 6. Sleep and circadian rhythms
  • 7. Trauma, child adversity, PTSD
  • 8. Emotion regulation
  • 9. Relationships: social, family, occupational roles (family or group)
  • 10. Substance use and avoidance, access, motivational interviewing, impulsivity

Pediatric Bipolar Disorder is Associated with Neurocognitive Deficits

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Maria Paula Maziero of The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston reported that while euthymic youths with BD (bipolar disorder) exhibited significant dysfunction in working memory (WM), verbal learning, and memory domains, fluctuation between the mood states affected the type of cognitive dysfunction. They concluded: “Pediatric bipolar disorder patients have marked cognitive dysfunction involving multiple domains, especially executive measures. The severity of mood symptoms influences cognitive performance, but even euthymic persons perform lower than matched controls.

Childhood Bullying and Maltreatment Yield A Worse Course of Bipolar Illness

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Georgina Hosang of Bart’s & The London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine reported that bullying and maltreatment together were associated with more suicidal behaviors than either childhood experience alone.

Positive Effects of Low-Dose Lithium (LDL)

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Rebecca Strawbridge of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London reported on 18 articles that were examined and grouped according to outcome domain (cognition, depression, mania, and related constructs e.g., suicidality). Significant benefits (versus placebo) were identified for attenuating cognitive decline, and potentially as an adjunctive therapy for people with depression/mania. Across studies, LDL (~serum level ?0.6 mmol/L) was reported to be safe.

Lumateperone for Bipolar I or Bipolar II Depression: Few Extrapyramidal and Motor Symptoms

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Tobie Escher of Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. reported on the excellent tolerability of lumateperone (42mg/day) in a “short-term population comprised 746 patients in pooled monotherapy trials (placebo, 374; lumateperone, 372) and 352 patients in the adjunctive study (adjunctive placebo, 175; adjunctive lumateperone, 177). Reported EPS [extrapyramidal symptom]-related TEAEs [treatment-emergent adverse events] were 1 patient (0.3%) with mild dyskinesia (lumateperone monotherapy), 1 (0.6%) with mild akathisia (adjunctive lumateperone), and 1 (0.3%) with severe akathisia (placebo monotherapy).”

Patterns of Pharmacotherapy for Bipolar Disorder

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Balwinder Singh of the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine reported on “10,351 individuals from North America (n=3,985), Europe (n=3,822), and Australia (n=2,544), predominantly with cross-sectional data (80%)….They found that “Cross-sectionally, mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants (44%), second-generation antipsychotics (42%), and antidepressants (38%) were most prescribed. Lithium was prescribed in 29% of patients, primarily in Australian (31%) and European (36%) cohorts.” Lithium is remarkedly underutilized in North American cohorts.

Both Obesity and Bipolar Disorders in 2249 Individuals Show White Matter Microstructure Abnormalities

Lorielle Dietze of Dalhousie University “obtained body mass index (BMI) and diffusion tensor imaging derived fractional anisotropy (FA) values from 930 individuals with bipolar disorders (BD), and 1319 control individuals from 20 cohorts in the ENIGMA-BD Working Group.”

They “found that lower FA was associated with both BD and BMI, in five white matter tracts, including the corpus callosum and thalamic radiation. Nine ROIs were correlated with only BD, while higher BMI was uniquely correlated with lower FA in four white matter ROIs.”

They concluded: “For the first time we showed that both obesity and BD demonstrated lower FA in some of the same regions. The impact of obesity may be greater in some tracts in BD individuals.”

Beneficial Cognitive Effects of Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation (TILS) in Bipolar Disorder

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Michael Gentry of The University of Texas At Austin reported on 30 individuals with remitted bipolar disorder (type I or type II). TILS was administered weekly to each participant over six consecutive weeks (1064 nm wavelength; bilaterally to the frontal poles; 10 minutes per weekly session)….. after six weeks of TILS administration, participants demonstrated decreased impulsivity on the Stop Signal Task and improved abilities to select correct responses on the Multitasking Test.

Cognitive Function and White Matter Integrity in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder

Highlights from Posters Presented at the Society of Biological Psychiatry Meeting, April 27-29, 2023 in San Diego

Jennifer McDowell reported that they found “significantly reduced FA (fractional anisotropy) values in 85 bipolar probands compared to 66 controls” in multiple (n=8) white matter tracts. There were significantly lower scores in bipolar probands compared to controls on composite scores, ( p = 0.007), verbal fluency, ( p < 0.001), and symbol coding, (p = 0.023). They concluded that: “ Impacted connectivity in critical fiber tracts may be key to understanding the neural underpinnings of deficits, like cognition, observed in this clinical population.”

Editors note: It is of interest that lithium has been shown to normalize some white matter abnormalities in youngsters and help preserve cognitive function in older individuals. On this and many other accounts, way too little lithium is being used in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium not only increases neurogenesis (new grey matter neurons) and hippocampal volume, but also has positive effects on white matter tracts and even increases the length of one’s telomeres (which keeps you more healthy). In other ungrammatical words, “If your brain is not connected right, it don’t work right.”

Greater Severity of Depression in Youth With Bipolar Disorder versus Unipolar Depression

Highlights from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Conference Posters and Presentations, Chicago, June 22-25, 2023

Aaron Silverman of the University of Toronto, CAMH found that “youth (age 13-21) with [Bipolar Disorders] compared to those with [unipolar] depression had significantly higher (more severe) ratings on depressed mood (p = .001), irritability (p = .037), anhedonia (p = .004), negative self-image (p < .001), hopelessness (p = .04), fatigue (p = .001), hypersomnia (p = .001), suicidal ideation (p = .04), and recurrent thoughts of death (p < .001).”

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