Antihypertensives That Stimulate vs Inhibit Type 2 and 4 Angiotensin II Receptors Decrease Dementia
Marcum et al in JAMA New Open (2023) found that in “57,773 Medicare beneficiaries, initiation of antihypertensive medications that stimulate vs inhibit type 2 and 4 angiotensin II receptors was associated with a statistically significant 16% lower risk of incident dementia, over a median of 6.9 years of follow-up.”
“Angiotensin II receptor type 2 and 4–stimulating antihypertensive medications (hereafter, stimulating medications) included: Angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics.
Angiotensin II receptor type 2 and 4–inhibiting antihypertensive medications (hereafter, inhibiting medications) included: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ?-blockers, and nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.”
Editors Note: If you have hypertension and are at risk for cognitive decline, know that your choice of effective antihypertensive drugs can lead to better cognitive outcomes. Drugs that stimulate the angiotensin II receptor type 2 and 4 help prevent dementia. These drugs include:
ARB type 1, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics. (Good guys)
Those that inhibit Angiotensin II receptors types 2 and 4 do not prevent dementia. These drugs include:
ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. (Bad guys)
Talk with your doc about drugs equally for blood pressure control but those that also have benefits for ultimate preservation of cognition.
6 Minutes of Intense Cycling Produces Major Increases in BDNF
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is necessary for new synapses and call survival. A new study in J. Physiology (2023) reports that the increases in BDNF from short intense cycling exercise are much greater than from prolonged (90-minute) light cycling. The authors think that this is cause by the increases in lactate produced which helps up regulate BDNF production. This could be good for fighting depression and Alzheimer’s disease, where BDNF levels are low.
Bottom line: If you don’t have much time, bust your buns.
Chronic Fatigue, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Long COVID Are Strongly Predicted by Neuroimmune and Neuro- Oxidative Pathways Which Are Caused by the Inflammation during Acute Infection
HK Al-Hakeim et al in Michael Maes’ lab report in J. Clinical Medicine (2023) on very important findings about immune and oxidative changes in long COVID with “physio- somatic (chronic fatigue syndrome and somatic symptoms) and affective (depression and anxiety) symptoms. The severity of the long COVID physio-affective phenome is largely predicted by increased peak body temperature (BT) and lowered oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the acute infectious phase….. We recruited 86 patients with long COVID (3–4 months after the acute phase) and 39 healthy controls and assessed serum C-reactive protein (CRP), caspase 1, interleukin (IL) 1?, IL-18, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and calcium (Ca), as well as peak BT and SpO2 during the acute phase. Results: Cluster analysis revealed that a significant part (34.9%) of long COVID patients (n = 30) show a highly elevated NT (neurotoxicity) index as computed based on IL-1?, IL-18, caspase 1, CRP, MPO, and AOPPs. Partial least squares analysis showed that 61.6% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome of long COVID could be explained by the NT index, lowered Ca, and peak BT/SpO2 in the acute phase and prior vaccinations with AstraZeneca or Pfizer. The most important predictors of the physio-affective phenome are Ca, CRP, IL-1?, AOPPs, and MPO. Conclusion: The infection–immune–inflammatory core of acute COVID-19 strongly predicts the development of physio-affective symptoms 3–4 months later, and these effects are partly mediated by neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways.”
Editors Note: These finding are important as they may lead to new treatment interventions. BNN readers are reminded of a previous BNN article by investigators from Yale (written by by Isabella Backman on Dec. 13, 2022) that in a new case study, they found that guanfacine plus N-acetylcysteine (which is an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and glutathione precursor) “mitigated and sometimes eliminated the cognitive impairment known as “brain fog” that often accompanies long COVID.
Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients
M M Bergamaschi, et al reported in Neuropsychopharmacology volume 36, pages 1219–1226 (2011) that the one of the ingredient in cannabis, the diol or cannabidiol (CBD), containing none of the usual THC which make up the vast majority of plant-based marijuana, reduces the anxiety Induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-naïve social phobia patients. They used “CBD (600?mg) in powder, ?99.9% pure (kindly supplied by STI-Pharm, Brentwood, UK and THC-Pharm, Frankfurt, Germany),… dissolved in corn oil.” This CBD has shown efficacy in other anxiety disorders and is FDA approved for one form of seizure disorder. This pure form of CBD is very expensive and usual preparations of available cannabis contain mostly THC and only minute amounts of CBD. Thus, the generalizability of these results to people using the widely available preparations of cannabis is extremely unlikely.
Cold Water Immersion Can Have Benefits
From:
Medscape Staff, December 08, 2022
“Bathing in cold water or ice may cut “bad” body fat and reduce the risk of disorders such as diabetes, but other claims of health benefits are less defined, according to researchers from the Arctic University of Norway and the University Hospital of North Norway.
WHAT TO KNOW:
- Immersion in cold water has a major impact on the body. It elevates the heart rate and has positive effects on brown adipose tissue, a type of “good” body fat that is activated by cold and may protect against obesity and cardiovascular disease.
- Exposure to cold water or cold air also appears to increase the production of the protein adiponectin by adipose tissue. Adiponectin plays a key role in protecting against insulin resistance, diabetes, and other diseases.
- Repeated cold-water immersions by inexperienced as well as experienced swimmers during the winter months significantly increased insulin sensitivity and decreased insulin concentrations.
- Numerous health and well-being claims from regular exposure to the cold, such as weight loss, better mental health, and increased libido, may be explained by other factors, including an active lifestyle, trained stress handling, social interactions, as well as a positive mindset.
- Those seeking to voluntarily practice cold-water emersion need to be educated about possible health risks associated with taking a dip in icy water, which include the consequences of hypothermia, and of heart and lung problems, which are often related to the shock from the cold.”
